Albert Lefffingwell
Vivisection in America
「1894」 Albert Leffingwell, Vivisection in America, in Animals’ Rights, Considered in Relation to Social Progress with a Bibliographical Appendix「Google Books」by Henry Salt (New York & London, 1894; Online at Animal Rights History, 2002).
Dr. Albert Leffingwell in Vivisection in Americasuggests that “proof of their cruelties based upon 「the vivisectors」own statements”
and the fact that “not a single one of these experiments has yielded to medical science any discovery of the least practical value”
provides the “conviction based on solid fact”
essential to the “reform of abuse,”
“the first practical step”
toward the abolition of vivisection.
VIVISECTION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER I. VIVISECTION IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS
Conflicting opinions. What are “abuses” of vivisection? Experiments of Brachet, Castex, Von Lesser, Chauveau, Mantagazza, and others. The absence of restraints always invites excesses. No safeguards against the abuse of experimentation exist in any part of America. What has been done in the United States. Opinion of Dr. Bigelow, of Harvard University. The British Medical Journal on certain American “original investigations.” Prevention of abuses, by State restriction and supervision. . . . . pp. 133–146
CHAPTER II. VIVISECTION IN AMERICAN COLLEGES
The new scientific ideal. Biology in the American university. Opportunities for its study at Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Cornell, University of Michigan, and others. The use of torture as for illustration of science–teaching. The atrocious experiment of Stricker, of Vienna. What prevents its repetition in American colleges? Have any restrictions been made by the leading colleges, regulating or forbidding the use of prolonged torture of animals, in the study of physiology? Correspondence with college presidents. No impediments at present hinder the infliction of any degree of torment desired in any of the principal American colleges. Suggested reforms. The responsibility for low ideals. The hope for the future. . . . pp. 147–168
